Laboratory astroparticle physics

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Data used for the generation of the figures

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Data for the plots in Measurement of turbulent velocity and bounds for thermal diffusivity in laser shock compressed foams by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy

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Recent archaeological research in the Valle Sabbia in the territory of Brescia (BS-Northern Italy) has led to the discovery of a new place of worship from the Roman era, possibly built on an ancient indigenous sanctuary. The Valle Sabbia is one of the alpine valleys of Lombardy, north of Brescia (the Colonia Augusta Civica Brixia). The territory, crossed by the river Chiese, stretches between Lake Idro and Lake Garda, in a favourable geographical position that puts it in direct contact with the plain on one side and the Alps on the other. Since 2000, campaigns of archaeological excavations have led to the discovery of different contexts that can be interpreted as sacred, with frequenting from prehistoric times to Roman times and which have as recurrent characteristic a close relationship with the surrounding landscape, with a clear preference for mountainous and wooded contexts. The most important novelties, concerning the Roman period, emerge in Villanuova sul Clisi, where on a panoramic hill overlooking the entire Valle Sabbia and Garda Lake, various wall structures have emerged that define a complex built on several levels, with a rectangular main room of about 11×4,20 m, made with large structures confining the summit plateau, and other lateral ones. The recovered materials indicate a visitation from the 1st to the 4th century A.D.: in addition to coins, fibulae and ceramics, some miniature metal ex-voto with dedications to Iuppiter Aeternus, various graffiti on plaster and a stone altar also inscribed have been uncovered.

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Abstract Recent experiments aiming to measure phenomena predicted by strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SFQED) have done so by colliding relativistic electron beams and high-power lasers. In such experiments, measurements of collision parameters are not always feasible. However, precise knowledge of these parameters is required to accurately test SFQED. Here, we present a novel Bayesian inference procedure that infers collision parameters that could not be measured on-shot. This procedure is applicable to all-optical non-linear Compton scattering experiments investigating radiation reaction. The framework allows multiple diagnostics to be combined self-consistently and facilitates the inclusion of known information pertaining to the collision parameters. Using this Bayesian analysis, the relative validity of the classical, quantum-continuous and quantum-stochastic models of radiation reaction was compared for several test cases, which demonstrates the accuracy and model selection capability of the framework and highlight its robustness if the experimental values of fixed parameters differ from their values in the models.

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Quantum speed limit (QSL) defines the theoretical upper bound on how fast a quantum system can evolve between states. It imposes a fundamental constraint on the rate of quantum information processing. For a relativistic spin-up electron in a uniform magnetic field, QSL increased with the magnetic field strength till around 1015$$10^{15}$$ Gauss, before saturating at a saturated QSL (SQSL) of 0.2407c$$0.2407c$$, where ‘c’ is the speed of light. We show that by using variable magnetic fields, it is possible to surpass this limit, achieving SQSL up to 0.4$$0.4$$–0.6c. To attain this quantum phenomenon, we solve the evolution equation of relativistic electron in spatially varying magnetic fields and find that the energies of various electron states become non-degenerate as opposed to the constant magnetic field case. This redistribution of energy is the key ingredient to accomplish higher QSL and, thus, a high information processing speed. We further explore how QSL can serve as a bridge between relativistic and non-relativistic quantum dynamics, providing insights via the Bremermann-Bekenstein bound, a quantity which constrains the maximal rate of information production. We also propose a practical experimental setup to realize these advancements. These results hold immense potential for propelling fields of quantum computation, thermodynamics and metrology.