Laboratory astroparticle physics

Abstract:

The physics basis for an electron-beam-based Compton scattering (ECOS) x-ray source is investigated for single-shot experiments at major high energy density facilities such as the Omega Laser Facility, National Ignition Facility, and Z pulsed power facility. A source of monoenergetic (δϵ/ϵ<5%) 10- to 50-keV x rays can be produced by scattering of a short-pulse optical laser by a 23- to 53-MeV electron beam and collimating the scattered photons. The number and spectrum of scattered photons is calculated as a function of electron packet charge, electron and laser pulse duration, laser intensity, and collision geometry. A source with greater than 1010 photons in a 1-mm radius spot at the OMEGA target chamber center and 100-ps time resolution is plausible with the available electron gun and laser technology. Design requirements for diffraction, inelastic scattering and imaging experiments as well as opportunities for improved performance are discussed.

Abstract:

On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light produced 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, a result which significantly exceeds the Lawson criterion for fusion ignition as reported in a previous NIF implosion [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This achievement is the culmination of more than five decades of research and gives proof that laboratory fusion, based on fundamental physics principles, is possible. This Letter reports on the target, laser, design, and experimental advancements that led to this result.

Abstract:

We investigate the connection between the classical Larmor formula and the quantum Unruh effect by computing the emitted power by a uniformly accelerated charged particle and its angular distribution in the co-accelerated frame. We consider a classical particle accelerated with non-zero charge only for a finite period and then take the infinite-time limit after removing the effects due to the initial charging and final discharging processes. We show that the result found for the interaction rates agrees with previous studies in which the period of acceleration with non-zero charge was taken to be infinite from the beginning. We also show that the power and angular distribution of emission, which is attributed either to the emission or absorption of a Rindler photon in the co-accelerated frame, is given by the Larmor formula, confirming that, at tree level, it is necessary to take into account the Unruh effect in order to reproduce the classical Larmor radiation formula in the coaccelerated frame.

Abstract:

We extend the classical magnetohydrodynamics formalism to include nonlocal quantum behavior via the phenomenological Bohm potential. We then solve the quantum magnetohydrodynamics equations to obtain a new analytical form of the dynamic structure factor (DSF), a fundamental quantity linking theory and experiments. Our results show that the three-peak structure—one central Rayleigh peak and two Brillouin peaks—of the DSF arising from quantum hydrodynamic fluctuations becomes (in general) a five-peak structure—one central Rayleigh peak and two pairs of peaks associated with fast and slow magnetosonic waves. The Bohm contribution influences the positions and characteristics (height, width, and intensity) of the peaks by introducing three significant modifications: (a) an increase in effective thermal pressure, (b) a reduction in the adiabatic index, and (c) an enhancement of effective thermal diffusivity. The multiple DSF peaks enable concurrent measurements of diverse plasma properties, transport coefficients, and thermodynamic parameters in magnetized dense plasmas. The potential for experimental validation of our theory looms large, particularly through future experiments conducted at state-of-the-art laser facilities.