Detection of the temporal variation of the Sun's cosmic ray shadow with the IceCube detector

Astrophysical Journal American Astronomical Society

Authors:

IceCube Collaboration, MG Aartsen, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, D Altmann, K Andeen, T Anderson, I Ansseau, G Anton, C Argüelles, J Auffenberg, S Axani, P Backes, H Bagherpour, X Bai, A Barbano, JP Barron, SW Barwick, V Baum, R Bay, JJ Beatty, J Becker Tjus, K-H Becker, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, C Bohm, M Börner, F Bos, S Böser, O Botner, E Bourbeau, J Bourbeau, F Bradascio, J Braun, H-P Bretz, S Bron, J Brostean-Kaiser, A Burgman, RS Busse, T Carver, C Chen, E Cheung, D Chirkin, K Clark, L Classen, GH Collin, JM Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, DF Cowen, R Cross, P Dave, M Day, JPAM de André, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, H Dembinski, K Deoskar, S De Ridder, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, M de With, T DeYoung, JC Díaz-Vélez, H Dujmovic, M Dunkman, E Dvorak, B Eberhardt, T Ehrhardt, B Eichmann, P Eller, PA Evenson, S Fahey, AR Fazely, J Felde, K Filimonov, C Finley, A Franckowiak, E Friedman, A Fritz, TK Gaisser, J Gallagher, E Ganster, S Garrappa, L Gerhardt, K Ghorbani, W Giang, T Glauch, T Glüsenkamp, A Goldschmidt, JG Gonzalez, D Grant, Z Griffith, C Haack, A Hallgren, L Halve, F Halzen, K Hanson, D Hebecker, D Heereman, K Helbing, R Hellauer, S Hickford, J Hignight, GC Hill, KD Hoffman, R Hoffmann, T Hoinka, B Hokanson-Fasig, K Hoshina, F Huang, M Huber, K Hultqvist, M Hünnefeld, R Hussain, S In, N Iovine, A Ishihara, E Jacobi, GS Japaridze, M Jeong, K Jero, BJP Jones, P Kalaczynski, W Kang, A Kappes, D Kappesser, T Karg, A Karle, U Katz, M Kauer, A Keivani, JL Kelley, A Kheirandish, J Kim, T Kintscher, J Kiryluk, T Kittler, SR Klein, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, L Köpke, C Kopper, S Kopper, DJ Koskinen, M Kowalski, K Krings, M Kroll, G Krückl, S Kunwar, N Kurahashi, A Kyriacou, M Labare, JL Lanfranchi, MJ Larson, F Lauber, K Leonard, M Leuermann, QR Liu, E Lohfink, CJ Lozano Mariscal, L Lu, J Lünemann, W Luszczak, J Madsen, G Maggi, KBM Mahn, Y Makino, S Mancina, IC Mariş, R Maruyama, K Mase, R Maunu, K Meagher, M Medici, M Meier, T Menne, G Merino, T Meures, S Miarecki, J Micallef, G Momenté, T Montaruli, RW Moore, M Moulai, R Nagai, R Nahnhauer, P Nakarmi, U Naumann, G Neer, H Niederhausen, SC Nowicki, DR Nygren, A Obertacke Pollmann, A Olivas, A O'Murchadha, E O'Sullivan, T Palczewski, H Pandya, DV Pankova, P Peiffer, JA Pepper, C Pérez de los Heros, D Pieloth, E Pinat, A Pizzuto, M Plum, PB Price, GT Przybylski, C Raab, M Rameez, L Rauch, K Rawlins, IC Rea, R Reimann, B Relethford, G Renzi, E Resconi, W Rhode, M Richman, S Robertson, M Rongen, C Rott, T Ruhe, D Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk, I Safa, SE Sanchez Herrera, A Sandrock, J Sandroos, M Santander, S Sarkar, S Sarkar, K Satalecka, M Schaufel, P Schlunder, T Schmidt, A Schneider, J Schneider, S Schöneberg, L Schumacher, S Sclafani, D Seckel, S Seunarine, J Soedingrekso, D Soldin, M Song, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, A Stasik, R Stein, J Stettner, A Steuer, T Stezelberger, RG Stokstad, A Stößl, NL Strotjohann, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, M Sutherland, I Taboada, F Tenholt, S Ter-Antonyan, A Terliuk, S Tilav, PA Toale, MN Tobin, C Tönnis, S Toscano, D Tosi, M Tselengidou, CF Tung, A Turcati, R Turcotte, CF Turley, B Ty, E Unger, MA Unland Elorrieta, M Usner, J Vandenbroucke, W Van Driessche, D van Eijk, N van Eijndhoven, S Vanheule, J van Santen, M Vraeghe, C Walck, A Wallace, M Wallraff, FD Wandler, N Wandkowsky, TB Watson, C Weaver, MJ Weiss, C Wendt, J Werthebach, S Westerhoff, BJ Whelan, N Whitehorn, K Wiebe, CH Wiebusch, L Wille, DR Williams, L Wills, M Wolf, J Wood, TR Wood, E Woolsey, K Woschnagg, G Wrede, DL Xu, XW Xu, Y Xu, JP Yanez, G Yodh, S Yoshida, T Yuan

Abstract:

We report on the observation of a deficit in the cosmic ray flux from the directions of the Moon and Sun with five years of data taken by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Between May 2010 and May 2011 the IceCube detector operated with 79 strings deployed in the glacial ice at the South Pole, and with 86 strings between May 2011 and May 2015. A binned analysis is used to measure the relative deficit and significance of the cosmic ray shadows. Both the cosmic ray Moon and Sun shadows are detected with high statistical significance ($>10\sigma$) for each year. The results for the Moon shadow are consistent with previous analyses and verify the stability of the IceCube detector over time. This work represents the first observation of the Sun shadow with the IceCube detector. We show that the cosmic ray shadow of the Sun varies with time. These results open the possibility to study cosmic ray transport near the Sun with future data from IceCube.

Dynamical Systems and Superstring Phases in the Early Universe

Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP) Springer Verlag (Germany)

Flops, Gromov-Witten Invariants and Symmetries of Line Bundle Cohomology on Calabi-Yau Three-folds

Authors:

Callum R Brodie, Andrei Constantin, Andre Lukas

Abstract:

The zeroth line bundle cohomology on Calabi-Yau three-folds encodes information about the existence of flop transitions and the genus zero Gromov-Witten invariants. We illustrate this claim by studying several Picard number 2 Calabi-Yau three-folds realised as complete intersections in products of projective spaces. Many of these manifolds exhibit certain symmetries on the Picard lattice which preserve the zeroth cohomology.

Follow-up of astrophysical transients in real time with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics American Astronomical Society

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, C Alispach, AA Alves Jr, NM Amin, R An, K Andeen, T Anderson, I Ansseau, G Anton, C Argüelles, S Axani, X Bai, A Balagopal V, A Barbano, SW Barwick, B Bastian, V Basu, V Baum, S Baur, R Bay, JJ Beatty, K-H Becker, J Becker Tjus, C Bellenghi, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, E Bourbeau, J Bourbeau, F Bradascio, J Braun, S Bron, J Brostean-Kaiser, A Burgman, RS Busse, MA Campana, C Chen, D Chirkin, S Choi, BA Clark, K Clark, L Classen, A Coleman, GH Collin, JM Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, DF Cowen, R Cross, P Dave, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, H Dembinski, K Deoskar, S De Ridder, A Desai, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, M de With, T DeYoung, S Dharani, A Diaz, JC Díaz-Vélez, H Dujmovic, M Dunkman, MA DuVernois, E Dvorak, T Ehrhardt, P Eller, R Engel, J Evans, PA Evenson, S Fahey, AR Fazely, S Fiedlschuster, AT Fienberg, K Filimonov, C Finley, L Fischer, D Fox, A Franckowiak, E Friedman, A Fritz, P Fürst, TK Gaisser, J Gallagher, E Ganster, S Garrappa, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, C Glaser, T Glauch, T Glüsenkamp, A Goldschmidt, JG Gonzalez, S Goswami, D Grant, T Grégoire, Z Griffith, S Griswold, M Gündüz, C Haack, A Hallgren, R Halliday, L Halve, F Halzen, M Ha Minh, K Hanson, J Hardin, AA Harnisch, A Haungs, S Hauser, D Hebecker, K Helbing, F Henningsen, EC Hettinger, S Hickford, J Hignight, C Hill, GC Hill, KD Hoffman, R Hoffmann, T Hoinka, B Hokanson-Fasig, K Hoshina, F Huang, M Huber, T Huber, K Hultqvist, M Hünnefeld, R Hussain, S In, N Iovine, A Ishihara, M Jansson, GS Japaridze, M Jeong, BJP Jones, R Joppe, D Kang, W Kang, X Kang, A Kappes, D Kappesser, T Karg, M Karl, A Karle, U Katz, M Kauer, M Kellermann, JL Kelley, A Kheirandish, J Kim, K Kin, T Kintscher, J Kiryluk, SR Klein, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, L Köpke, C Kopper, S Kopper, DJ Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kovacevich, M Kowalski, K Krings, G Krückl, N Kurahashi, A Kyriacou, C Lagunas Gualda, JL Lanfranchi, MJ Larson, F Lauber, JP Lazar, K Leonard, A Leszczyńska, Y Li, QR Liu, E Lohfink, CJ Lozano Mariscal, L Lu, F Lucarelli, A Ludwig, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, WY Ma, J Madsen, KBM Mahn, Y Makino, P Mallik, S Mancina, IC Mariş, R Maruyama, K Mase, F McNally, K Meagher, A Medina, M Meier, S Meighen-Berger, J Merz, J Micallef, D Mockler, G Momenté, T Montaruli, RW Moore, R Morse, M Moulai, R Naab, R Nagai, U Naumann, J Necker, LV Nguyên, H Niederhausen, MU Nisa, SC Nowicki, DR Nygren, A Obertacke Pollmann, M Oehler, A Olivas, E O'Sullivan, H Pandya, DV Pankova, N Park, GK Parker, EN Paudel, P Peiffer, C Pérez de los Heros, S Philippen, D Pieloth, S Pieper, A Pizzuto, M Plum, Y Popovych, A Porcelli, M Prado Rodriguez, PB Price, B Pries, GT Przybylski, C Raab, A Raissi, M Rameez, K Rawlins, IC Rea, A Rehman, R Reimann, M Renschler, G Renzi, E Resconi, S Reusch, W Rhode, M Richman, B Riedel, S Robertson, G Roellinghoff, M Rongen, C Rott, T Ruhe, D Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk Cantu, I Safa, SE Sanchez Herrera, A Sandrock, J Sandroos, M Santander, S Sarkar, S Sarkar, K Satalecka, M Scharf, M Schaufel, H Schieler, P Schlunder, T Schmidt, A Schneider, J Schneider, FG Schröder, L Schumacher, S Sclafani, D Seckel, S Seunarine, S Shefali, M Silva, B Skrzypek, B Smithers, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, D Soldin, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, R Stein, J Stettner, A Steuer, T Stezelberger, RG Stokstad, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, I Taboada, F Tenholt, S Ter-Antonyan, S Tilav, F Tischbein, K Tollefson, L Tomankova, C Tönnis, S Toscano, D Tosi, A Trettin, M Tselengidou, CF Tung, A Turcati, R Turcotte, CF Turley, JP Twagirayezu, B Ty, MA Unland Elorrieta, J Vandenbroucke, D van Eijk, N van Eijndhoven, D Vannerom, J van Santen, S Verpoest, M Vraeghe, C Walck, A Wallace, TB Watson, C Weaver, A Weindl, MJ Weiss, J Weldert, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, BJ Whelan, N Whitehorn, K Wiebe, CH Wiebusch, DR Williams, M Wolf, K Woschnagg, G Wrede, J Wulff, XW Xu, Y Xu, JP Yanez, S Yoshida, T Yuan, Z Zhang

Abstract:

In multi-messenger astronomy, rapid investigation of interesting transients is imperative. As an observatory with a 4$\pi$ steradian field of view and $\sim$99\% uptime, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a unique facility to follow up transients, and to provide valuable insight for other observatories and inform their observing decisions. Since 2016, IceCube has been using low-latency data to rapidly respond to interesting astrophysical events reported by the multi-messenger observational community. Here, we describe the pipeline used to perform these follow up analyses and provide a summary of the 58 analyses performed as of July 2020. We find no significant signal in the first 58 analyses performed. The pipeline has helped inform various electromagnetic observing strategies, and has constrained neutrino emission from potential hadronic cosmic accelerators.

IceCube Data for Neutrino Point-Source Searches Years 2008-2018

Authors:

IceCube Collaboration, R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, Ja Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, C Alispach, Nm Amin, K Andeen, T Anderson, I Ansseau, G Anton, C Argüelles, S Axani, X Bai, A Balagopal V, A Barbano, Sw Barwick, B Bastian, V Basu, V Baum, S Baur, R Bay, Jj Beatty, K-H Becker, J Becker Tjus, C Bellenghi, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, Dz Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, C Bohm, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, E Bourbeau, J Bourbeau, F Bradascio, J Braun, S Bron, J Brostean-Kaiser, A Burgman, J Buscher, Rs Busse, Ma Campana

Abstract:

IceCube has performed several all-sky searches for point-like neutrino sources using track-like events, including a recent time-integrated analysis using 10 years of IceCube data. This paper accompanies the public data release of these neutrino candidates detected by IceCube between April 6, 2008 and July 8, 2018. The selection includes through-going tracks, primarily due to muon neutrino candidates, that reach the detector from all directions, as well as neutrino track events that start within the instrumented volume. An updated selection and reconstruction for data taken after April 2012 slightly improves the sensitivity of the sample. While more than 80% of the sample overlaps between the old and new versions, differing events can lead to changes relative to the previous 7 year event selection. An a posteriori estimate of the significance of the 2014-2015 TXS flare is reported with an explanation of observed discrepancies with previous results. This public data release, which includes 10 years of data and binned detector response functions for muon neutrino signal events, shows improved sensitivity in generic time-integrated point source analyses and should be preferred over previous releases.