Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science (OxCHEDS)

Abstract:

By performing an ensemble of molecular dynamics simulations, the model-dependent ionization state is computed for strongly interacting systems self-consistently. This is accomplished through a free energy minimization framework based on the technique of thermodynamic integration. To illustrate the method, two simple models applicable to partially ionized hydrogen plasma are presented in which pair potentials are employed between ions and neutral particles. Within the models, electrons are either bound in the hydrogen ground state or distributed in a uniform charge-neutralizing background. Particular attention is given to the transition between atomic gas and ionized plasma, where the effect of neutral interactions is explored beyond commonly used models in the chemical picture. Furthermore, pressure ionization is observed when short-range repulsion effects are included between neutrals. The developed technique is general, and we discuss the applicability to a variety of molecular dynamics models for partially ionized warm dense matter.

Abstract:

Cosmic rays (CRs) play a pivotal role in shaping the thermal and dynamical properties of astrophysical environments, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. Recent observations suggest a stronger confinement of CRs in certain astrophysical systems than predicted by current CR-transport theories. Here, we show that the incorporation of microscale physics into CR-transport models can account for this enhanced CR confinement. We develop a theoretical description of the effect of magnetic microscale fluctuations originating from the mirror instability on macroscopic CR diffusion. We confirm our theory with large-dynamical-range simulations of CR transport in the intracluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters and kinetic simulations of CR transport in micromirror fields. We conclude that sub-teraelectronvolt CR confinement in the ICM is far more effective than previously anticipated on the basis of Galactic-transport extrapolations. The transformative impact of micromirrors on CR diffusion provides insights into how microphysics can reciprocally affect macroscopic dynamics and observable structures across a range of astrophysical scales.

Abstract:

Data used for the generation of the figures

Abstract:

Data for the plots in Measurement of turbulent velocity and bounds for thermal diffusivity in laser shock compressed foams by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy