The flattening and the orbital structure of early-type galaxies and collisionless N-body binary disc mergers

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 393:2 (2009) 641-652

Authors:

J Thomas, R Jesseit, RP Saglia, R Bender, A Burkert, EM Corsini, K Gebhardt, J Magorrian, T Naab, D Thomas, G Wegner

Abstract:

We use oblate axisymmetric dynamical models including dark haloes to determine the orbital structure of intermediate mass to massive early-type galaxies in the Coma galaxy cluster. We find a large variety of orbital compositions. Averaged over all sample galaxies the unordered stellar kinetic energy in the azimuthal and the radial direction are of the same order, but they can differ by up to 40 per cent in individual systems. In contrast, both for rotating and non-rotating galaxies the vertical kinetic energy is on average smaller than in the other two directions. This implies that even most of the rotating ellipticals are flattened by an anisotropy in the stellar velocity dispersions. Using three-integral axisymmetric toy models, we show that flattening by stellar anisotropy maximizes the entropy for a given density distribution. Collisionless disc merger remnants are radially anisotropic. The apparent lack of strong radial anisotropy in observed early-type galaxies implies that they may not have formed from mergers of discs unless the influence of dissipational processes was significant. © 2009 RAS.

A STELLAR DYNAMICAL MEASUREMENT OF THE BLACK HOLE MASS IN THE MASER GALAXY NGC 4258

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 693:1 (2009) 946-969

Authors:

Christos Siopis, Karl Gebhardt, Tod R Lauer, John Kormendy, Jason Pinkney, Douglas Richstone, SM Faber, Scott Tremaine, MC Aller, Ralf Bender, Gary Bower, Alan Dressler, Alexei V Filippenko, Richard Green, Luis C Ho, John Magorrian

A comparison of local simulations and reduced models of MRI-induced turbulence

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 396:2 (2009) 779-787

Authors:

Pierre Lesaffre, Steven A Balbus, Henrik Latter

A simple model for solar isorotational contours

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 395:4 (2009) 2056-2064

All-Sky LIGO Search for Periodic Gravitational Waves in the Early Fifth-Science-Run Data

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 102:11 (2009) ARTN 111102

Authors:

BP Abbott, R Abbott, R Adhikari, P Ajith, B Allen, G Allen, RS Amin, SB Anderson, WG Anderson, MA Arain, M Araya, H Armandula, P Armor, Y Aso, S Aston, P Aufmuth, C Aulbert, S Babak, P Baker, S Ballmer, H Bantilan, BC Barish, C Barker, D Barker, B Barr, P Barriga, L Barsotti, MA Barton, I Bartos, R Bassiri, M Bastarrika, B Behnke, M Benacquista, J Betzwieser, PT Beyersdorf, IA Bilenko, G Billingsley, R Biswas, E Black, JK Blackburn, L Blackburn, D Blair, B Bland, TP Bodiya, L Bogue, R Bork, V Boschi, S Bose, PR Brady, VB Braginsky, JE Brau, M Brinkmann, AF Brooks, DA Brown, G Brunet, A Bullington, A Buonanno, O Burmeister, RL Byer, L Cadonati, G Cagnoli, JB Camp, J Cannizzo, KC Cannon, J Cao, L Cardenas, V Cardoso, S Caride, T Casebolt, G Castaldi, S Caudill, M Cavagli, C Cepeda, E Chalkley, P Charlton, S Chatterji, S Chelkowski, Y Chen, N Christensen, D Clark, J Clark, JH Clayton, T Cokelaer, R Conte, D Cook, TRC Corbitt, N Cornish, DC Coyne, JDE Creighton, TD Creighton, AM Cruise, A Cumming, L Cunningham, RM Cutler, K Danzmann, B Daudert, G Davies, D DeBra, J Degallaix, V Dergachev, S Desai, R DeSalvo, S Dhurandhar, M Diaz, J Dickson, A Dietz, F Donovan, KL Dooley, EE Doomes, RWP Drever, I Duke, J-C Dumas, J Dwyer, C Echols, M Edgar, A Effler, P Ehrens, G Ely, E Espinoza, T Etzel, M Evans, T Evans, S Fairhurst, Y Faltas, Y Fan, D Fazi, MM Fejer, LS Finn, K Flasch, S Foley, C Forrest, N Fotopoulos, A Franzen, Z Frei, A Freise, R Frey, TT Fricke, P Fritschel, VV Frolov, M Fyffe, JA Garofoli, I Gholami, JA Giaime, S Giampanis, KD Giardina, K Goda, E Goetz, LM Goggin, G Gonzalez, S Gossler, R Gouaty, A Grant, S Gras, C Gray, M Gray, RJS Greenhalgh, AM Gretarsson, F Grimaldi, R Grosso, H Grote, S Grunewald, M Guenther, EK Gustafson, R Gustafson, B Hage, JM Hallam, C Hanna, J Hanson, J Harms, GM Harry, ED Harstad, E Haughian, K Hayama, T Hayler, J Heefner, IS Heng, A Heptonstall, M Hewitson, S Hild, E Hirose, D Hoak, K Holt, D Hosken, J Hough, SH Huttner, D Ingram, M Ito, A Ivanov, B Johnson, WW Johnson, DI Jones, G Jones, R Jones, L Ju, P Kalmus, V Kalogera, S Kamat, J Kanner, D Kasprzyk, E Katsavounidis, K Kawabe, S Kawamura, F Kawazoe, W Kells, DG Keppel, A Khalaidovski, F Ya Khalili, R Khan, E Khazanov, P King, JS Kissel, S Klimenko, B Kocsis, K Kokeyama, V Kondrashov, R Kopparapu, S Koranda, D Kozak, I Kozhevatov, B Krishnan, P Kwee, M Landry, B Lantz, A Lazzarini, M Lei, I Leonor, C Li, H Lin, PE Lindquist, TB Littenberg, NA Lockerbie, D Lodhia, M Lormand, P Lu, M Lubinski, A Lucianetti, H Lueck, B Machenschalk, M MacInnis, M Mageswaran, K Mailand, I Mandel, V Mandic, S Marka, Z Marka, A Markosyan, J Markowitz, E Maros, IW Martin, RM Martin, JN Marx, K Mason, F Matichard, L Matone, R Matzner, N Mavalvala, R McCarthy, DE McClelland, SC McGuire, M McHugh, G McIntyre, D McKechan, K McKenzie, M Mehmet, A Melissinos, G Mendell, RA Mercer, S Meshkov, CJ Messenger, D Meyers, A Miller, J Miller, J Minelli, S Mitra, VP Mitrofanov, G Mitselmakher, R Mittleman, O Miyakawa, B Moe, SD Mohanty, G Moreno, K Mors, K Mossavi, C MowLowry, G Mueller, D Muhammad, S Mukherjee, H Mukhopadhyay, A Mullavey, H Mueller-Ebhardt, J Munch, PG Murray, E Myers, J Myers, T Nash, J Nelson, G Newton, A Nishizawa, K Numata, E Ochsner, J O'Dell, G Ogin, B O'Reilly, R O'Shaughnessy, DJ Ottaway, RS Ottens, H Overmier, BJ Owen, Y Pan, C Pankow, MA Papa, V Parameshwaraiah, P Patel, M Pedraza, S Penn, A Perraca, T Petrie, IM Pinto, M Pitkin, HJ Pletsch, MV Plissi, F Postiglione, M Principe, R Prix, V Quetschke, FJ Raab, DS Rabeling, H Radkins, P Raffai, N Rainer, M Rakhmanov, M Ramsunder, T Reed, H Rehbein, S Reid, DH Reitze, R Riesen, K Riles, B Rivera, NA Robertson, C Robinson, EL Robinson, S Roddy, AM Rogan, J Rollins, JD Romano, JH Romie, S Rowan, A Ruediger, L Ruet, P Russell, K Ryan, S Sakata, L Sancho de la Jordana, V Sandberg, V Sannibale, L Santamaria, S Saraf, P Sarin, BS Sathyaprakash, S Sato, PR Saulson, R Savage, P Savov, M Scanlan, SW Schediwy, R Schilling, R Schnabel, R Schofield, BF Schutz, P Schwinberg, J Scott, SM Scott, AC Searle, B Sears, F Seifert, D Sellers, AS Sengupta, A Sergeev, B Shapiro, P Shawhan, DH Shoemaker, A Sibley, X Siemens, D Sigg, S Sinha, AM Sintes, BJJ Slagmolen, J Slutsky, JR Smith, MR Smith, ND Smith, K Somiya, B Sorazu, LC Stein, KA Strain, A Stuver, TZ Summerscales, K-X Sun, M Sung, PJ Sutton, H Takahashi, DB Tanner, R Taylor, R Taylor, J Thacker, KA Thorne, KS Thorne, A Thuering, KV Tokmakov, C Torres, C Torrie, G Traylor, M Trias, D Ugolini, K Urbanek, H Vahlbruch, C Van den Broeck, MV van der Sluys, AA van Veggel, S Vass, R Vaulin, A Vecchio, JD Veitch, P Veitch, A Villar, C Vorvick, SP Vyachanin, SJ Waldman, L Wallace, H Ward, RL Ward, M Weinert, AJ Weinstein, R Weiss, L Wen, S Wen, K Wette, JT Whelan, SE Whitcomb, BF Whiting, C Wilkinson, PA Willems, HR Williams, L Williams, B Willke, I Wilmut, W Winkler, CC Wipf, AG Wiseman, G Woan, R Wooley, J Worden, W Wu, I Yakushin, H Yamamoto, Z Yan, S Yoshida, M Zanolin, J Zhang, L Zhang, C Zhao, N Zotov, ME Zucker, H zur Muehlen, J Zweizig