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Euclid: Early Release Observations – Dwarf galaxies in the Perseus galaxy cluster

Astronomy and Astrophysics 697 (2025)

Authors:

FR Marleau, JC Cuillandre, M Cantiello, D Carollo, PA Duc, R Habas, LK Hunt, P Jablonka, M Mirabile, M Mondelin, M Poulain, T Saifollahi, R Sánchez-Janssen, E Sola, M Urbano, R Zöller, M Bolzonella, A Lançon, R Laureijs, O Marchal, M Schirmer, C Stone, A Boselli, A Ferré-Mateu, NA Hatch, M Kluge, M Montes, JG Sorce, C Tortora, A Venhola, JB Golden-Marx, N Aghanim, A Amara, S Andreon, N Auricchio, C Baccigalupi, M Baldi, A Balestra, S Bardelli, P Battaglia, R Bender, C Bodendorf, E Branchini, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, S Camera, GP Candini, V Capobianco, C Carbone, J Carretero, S Casas, M Castellano, S Cavuoti, A Cimatti, G Congedo, CJ Conselice, L Conversi, Y Copin, F Courbin, HM Courtois, M Cropper, A Da Silva, H Degaudenzi, G De Lucia, AM Di Giorgio, J Dinis, M Douspis, CAJ Duncan, X Dupac, S Dusini, A Ealet, M Farina, S Farrens, S Ferriol, P Fosalba, S Fotopoulou, M Frailis, E Franceschi, M Fumana, S Galeotta, B Garilli, K George, W Gillard, B Gillis, C Giocoli, P Gómez-Alvarez, A Grazian, F Grupp, L Guzzo, M Hailey, SVH Haugan, J Hoar, H Hoekstra, W Holmes, I Hook, F Hormuth, A Hornstrup, D Hu, P Hudelot, K Jahnke

Abstract:

We make use of the unprecedented depth, spatial resolution, and field of view of the Euclid Early Release Observations (EROs) of the Perseus galaxy cluster to detect and characterise the dwarf galaxy population in this massive system. Using a dedicated annotation tool, the Euclid high-resolution VIS and combined VIS+Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) colour images were visually inspected and dwarf galaxy candidates were identified. Their morphologies, the presence of nuclei, and their globular cluster (GC) richness were visually assessed richness were visually assessed, complementing an automatic detection of the GC candidates. Structural and photometric parameters, including Euclid filter colours, were extracted from two-dimensional fitting. Based on this analysis, a total of 1100 dwarf candidates were found across the image; 606 of these appear to be new identifications. The majority (96%) are classified as dwarf ellipticals, 53% are nucleated, 26% are GC-rich, and 6% show disturbed morphologies. A relatively high fraction of galaxies, 8%, are categorised as ultra diffuse galaxies. The majority of the dwarfs follow the expected scaling relations of galaxies. Globally, the GC specific frequency, SN, of the Perseus dwarf candidates is intermediate between those measured in the Virgo and Coma clusters. While the dwarf candidates with the largest GC counts are found throughout the Euclid field of view, the dwarfs located around the east–west strip, where most of the brightest cluster members are found, exhibit higher SN values on average. The spatial distribution of the dwarfs, GCs, and intracluster light show a main iso-density and isophotal centre displaced to the west of the bright galaxy light distribution. The ERO imaging of the Perseus cluster demonstrates the unique capability of Euclid to concurrently detect and characterise large samples of dwarf galaxies, their nuclei, and their GC systems, allowing us to construct a detailed picture of the formation and evolution of galaxies over a wide range of mass scales and environments.
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Euclid: Early Release Observations – The intracluster light and intracluster globular clusters of the Perseus cluster

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) a13

Authors:

M Kluge, NA Hatch, M Montes, JB Golden-Marx, AH Gonzalez, J-C Cuillandre, M Bolzonella, A Lançon, R Laureijs, T Saifollahi, M Schirmer, C Stone, A Boselli, M Cantiello, JG Sorce, FR Marleau, P-A Duc, E Sola, M Urbano, SL Ahad, YM Bahé, SP Bamford, C Bellhouse, F Buitrago, P Dimauro, F Durret, A Ellien, Y Jimenez-Teja, E Slezak, N Aghanim, B Altieri, S Andreon, N Auricchio, M Baldi, A Balestra, S Bardelli, R Bender, D Bonino, E Branchini, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, S Camera, GP Candini, V Capobianco, C Carbone, J Carretero, S Casas, M Castellano, S Cavuoti, A Cimatti, G Congedo, CJ Conselice, L Conversi, Y Copin, F Courbin, HM Courtois, M Cropper, A Da Silva, H Degaudenzi, J Dinis, CAJ Duncan, X Dupac, S Dusini, M Farina, S Farrens, S Ferriol, P Fosalba, M Frailis, E Franceschi, M Fumana, S Galeotta, B Garilli, W Gillard, B Gillis, C Giocoli, P Gómez-Alvarez, BR Granett, A Grazian, F Grupp, L Guzzo, SVH Haugan, J Hoar, H Hoekstra, W Holmes, I Hook, F Hormuth, A Hornstrup, P Hudelot, K Jahnke, E Keihänen, S Kermiche, A Kiessling, T Kitching, R Kohley, B Kubik, M Kümmel, M Kunz, H Kurki-Suonio, O Lahav, S Ligori, PB Lilje, V Lindholm, I Lloro, E Maiorano, O Mansutti, O Marggraf, K Markovic, N Martinet, F Marulli, R Massey, S Maurogordato, HJ McCracken, E Medinaceli, S Mei, M Melchior, Y Mellier, M Meneghetti, E Merlin, G Meylan, M Moresco, L Moscardini, E Munari, RC Nichol, S-M Niemi, JW Nightingale, C Padilla, S Paltani, F Pasian, K Pedersen, WJ Percival, V Pettorino, S Pires, G Polenta, M Poncet, LA Popa, L Pozzetti, GD Racca, F Raison, R Rebolo, A Renzi, J Rhodes, G Riccio, H-W Rix, E Romelli, M Roncarelli, E Rossetti, R Saglia, D Sapone, B Sartoris, M Sauvage, R Scaramella, P Schneider, T Schrabback, A Secroun, G Seidel, M Seiffert, S Serrano, C Sirignano, G Sirri, J Skottfelt, L Stanco, P Tallada-Crespí, AN Taylor, HI Teplitz, I Tereno, R Toledo-Moreo, F Torradeflot, I Tutusaus, EA Valentijn, L Valenziano, T Vassallo, G Verdoes Kleijn, A Veropalumbo, Y Wang, J Weller, OR Williams, G Zamorani, E Zucca, A Biviano, C Burigana, G De Lucia, K George, V Scottez, P Simon, A Mora, J Martín-Fleitas, F Ruppin, D Scott
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Euclid: Early Release Observations – Programme overview and pipeline for compact- and diffuse-emission photometry

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) a6

Authors:

J-C Cuillandre, E Bertin, M Bolzonella, H Bouy, S Gwyn, S Isani, M Kluge, O Lai, A Lançon, DA Lang, R Laureijs, T Saifollahi, M Schirmer, C Stone, Abdurro’uf, N Aghanim, B Altieri, F Annibali, H Atek, P Awad, M Baes, E Bañados, D Barrado, S Belladitta, V Belokurov, A Boselli, F Bournaud, J Bovy, RAA Bowler, G Buenadicha, F Buitrago, M Cantiello, D Carollo, S Codis, MLM Collins, G Congedo, E Dalessandro, V de Lapparent, F De Paolis, JM Diego, P Dimauro, J Dinis, H Dole, P-A Duc, D Erkal, M Ezziati, AMN Ferguson, A Ferré-Mateu, A Franco, R Gavazzi, K George, W Gillard, JB Golden-Marx, B Goldman, AH Gonzalez, R Habas, WG Hartley, NA Hatch, R Kohley, J Hoar, JM Howell, LK Hunt, P Jablonka, M Jauzac, Y Kang, JH Knapen, J-P Kneib, R Kohley, PB Kuzma, SS Larsen, O Marchal, J Martín-Fleitas, P Marcos-Arenal, FR Marleau, EL Martín, D Massari, AW McConnachie, M Meneghetti, M Miluzio, J Miro Carretero, H Miyatake, M Mondelin, M Montes, A Mora, O Müller, C Nally, K Noeske, AA Nucita, PA Oesch, M Oguri, RF Peletier, M Poulain, L Quilley, GD Racca, M Rejkuba, J Rhodes, P-F Rocci, J Román, S Sacquegna, E Saremi, R Scaramella, E Schinnerer, S Serjeant, E Sola, JG Sorce, F Tarsitano, I Tereno, S Toft, C Tortora, M Urbano, A Venhola, K Voggel, JR Weaver, X Xu, M Žerjal, R Zöller, S Andreon, N Auricchio, C Baccigalupi, M Baldi, A Balestra, S Bardelli, A Basset, R Bender, C Bodendorf, E Branchini, S Brau-Nogue, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, S Camera, V Capobianco, C Carbone, J Carretero, S Casas, FJ Castander, M Castellano, S Cavuoti, A Cimatti, CJ Conselice, L Conversi, Y Copin, F Courbin, HM Courtois, M Cropper, J-G Cuby, A Da Silva, H Degaudenzi, AM Di Giorgio, M Douspis, CAJ Duncan, X Dupac, S Dusini, M Fabricius, M Farina, S Farrens, S Ferriol, P Fosalba, S Fotopoulou, M Frailis, E Franceschi, S Galeotta, B Garilli, B Gillis, C Giocoli, P Gómez-Alvarez, A Grazian, F Grupp, L Guzzo, SVH Haugan, J Hoar, H Hoekstra, W Holmes, I Hook, F Hormuth, A Hornstrup, P Hudelot, K Jahnke, M Jhabvala, E Keihänen, S Kermiche, A Kiessling, M Kilbinger, T Kitching, B Kubik, K Kuijken, M Kümmel, M Kunz, H Kurki-Suonio, O Lahav, P Liebing, S Ligori, PB Lilje, V Lindholm, I Lloro, D Maino, E Maiorano, O Mansutti, O Marggraf, K Markovic, N Martinet, F Marulli, R Massey, S Maurogordato, HJ McCracken, E Medinaceli, Y Mellier, G Meylan, JJ Mohr, M Moresco, L Moscardini, E Munari, R Nakajima, RC Nichol, S-M Niemi, C Padilla, S Paltani, F Pasian, JA Peacock, K Pedersen, WJ Percival, V Pettorino, S Pires, G Polenta, M Poncet, LA Popa, L Pozzetti, F Raison, R Rebolo, A Refregier, A Renzi, G Riccio, Hans-Walter Rix, E Romelli, M Roncarelli, E Rossetti, R Saglia, D Sapone, P Schneider, T Schrabback, A Secroun, G Seidel, S Serrano, P Simon, C Sirignano, G Sirri, J Skottfelt, L Stanco, P Tallada-Crespí, AN Taylor, HI Teplitz, R Toledo-Moreo, A Tsyganov, I Tutusaus, EA Valentijn, L Valenziano, T Vassallo, G Verdoes Kleijn, Y Wang, J Weller, OR Williams, G Zamorani, E Zucca, C Burigana, P Casenove, V Scottez, D Scott
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Euclid: Early Release Observations – NISP-only sources and the search for luminous z = 6–8 galaxies

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) a16

Authors:

JR Weaver, S Taamoli, CJR McPartland, L Zalesky, N Allen, S Toft, DB Sanders, H Atek, RAA Bowler, D Stern, CJ Conselice, B Mobasher, I Szapudi, PRM Eisenhardt, G Murphree, I Valdes, K Ito, S Belladitta, PA Oesch, S Serjeant, DJ Mortlock, NA Hatch, M Kluge, B Milvang-Jensen, G Rodighiero, E Bañados, JM Diego, R Gavazzi, G Congedo, M Shuntov, H Dole, P-F Rocci, T Saifollahi, M Miluzio, M Ezziati, ACN Hughes, J-C Cuillandre, R Laureijs, S Paltani, M Schirmer, C Stone, N Aghanim, B Altieri, A Amara, S Andreon, N Auricchio, M Baldi, A Balestra, S Bardelli, R Bender, C Bodendorf, D Bonino, E Branchini, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, S Camera, V Capobianco, C Carbone, VF Cardone, J Carretero, S Casas, FJ Castander, M Castellano, S Cavuoti, A Cimatti, L Conversi, Y Copin, L Corcione, F Courbin, HM Courtois, A Da Silva, H Degaudenzi, AM Di Giorgio, J Dinis, M Douspis, F Dubath, X Dupac, A Ealet, M Farina, S Farrens, S Ferriol, S Fotopoulou, M Frailis, E Franceschi, P Franzetti, S Galeotta, W Gillard, B Gillis, C Giocoli, P Gómez-Alvarez, A Grazian, F Grupp, L Guzzo, SVH Haugan, J Hoar, H Hoekstra, W Holmes, I Hook, F Hormuth, A Hornstrup, P Hudelot, K Jahnke, M Jhabvala, E Keihänen, S Kermiche, A Kiessling, T Kitching, B Kubik, M Kümmel, M Kunz, H Kurki-Suonio, O Lahav, D Le Mignant, S Ligori, PB Lilje, V Lindholm, I Lloro, D Maino, E Maiorano, O Mansutti, O Marggraf, K Markovic, N Martinet, F Marulli, R Massey, DC Masters, S Maurogordato, HJ McCracken, E Medinaceli, S Mei, M Melchior, Y Mellier, M Meneghetti, E Merlin, G Meylan, JJ Mohr, M Moresco, L Moscardini, R Nakajima, RC Nichol, S-M Niemi, C Padilla, F Pasian, K Pedersen, WJ Percival, V Pettorino, S Pires, G Polenta, M Poncet, LA Popa, L Pozzetti, F Raison, A Renzi, J Rhodes, G Riccio, E Romelli, M Roncarelli, E Rossetti, R Saglia, D Sapone, P Schneider, T Schrabback, A Secroun, G Seidel, S Serrano, C Sirignano, G Sirri, L Stanco, P Tallada-Crespí, AN Taylor, HI Teplitz, I Tereno, R Toledo-Moreo, I Tutusaus, L Valenziano, T Vassallo, A Veropalumbo, Y Wang, J Weller, E Zucca, C Burigana, G Castignani, Z Sakr, V Scottez, M Viel, P Simon, J Martín-Fleitas, D Scott
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Euclid: Early Release Observations – A preview of the Euclid era through a galaxy cluster magnifying lens

Astronomy & Astrophysics EDP Sciences 697 (2025) a15

Authors:

H Atek, R Gavazzi, JR Weaver, JM Diego, T Schrabback, NA Hatch, N Aghanim, H Dole, WG Hartley, S Taamoli, G Congedo, Y Jimenez-Teja, J-C Cuillandre, E Bañados, S Belladitta, RAA Bowler, M Franco, M Jauzac, G Mahler, J Richard, P-F Rocci, S Serjeant, S Toft, D Abriola, P Bergamini, A Biviano, P Dimauro, M Ezziati, JB Golden-Marx, C Grillo, ACN Hughes, Y Kang, J-P Kneib, M Lombardi, GA Mamon, CJR McPartland, M Meneghetti, H Miyatake, M Montes, DJ Mortlock, PA Oesch, N Okabe, P Rosati, AN Taylor, F Tarsitano, J Weller, M Kluge, R Laureijs, S Paltani, T Saifollahi, M Schirmer, C Stone, A Mora, B Altieri, A Amara, S Andreon, N Auricchio, M Baldi, A Balestra, S Bardelli, A Basset, R Bender, C Bodendorf, D Bonino, E Branchini, M Brescia, J Brinchmann, S Camera, GP Candini, V Capobianco, C Carbone, VF Cardone, J Carretero, S Casas, FJ Castander, M Castellano, S Cavuoti, A Cimatti, CJ Conselice, L Conversi, Y Copin, L Corcione, F Courbin, HM Courtois, A Da Silva, H Degaudenzi, AM Di Giorgio, J Dinis, M Douspis, F Dubath, X Dupac, S Dusini, A Ealet, M Farina, S Farrens, S Ferriol, S Fotopoulou, M Frailis, E Franceschi, S Galeotta, W Gillard, B Gillis, C Giocoli, P Gómez-Alvarez, A Grazian, F Grupp, L Guzzo, M Hailey, SVH Haugan, J Hoar, H Hoekstra, MS Holliman, W Holmes, I Hook, F Hormuth, A Hornstrup, P Hudelot, K Jahnke, M Jhabvala, E Keihänen, S Kermiche, A Kiessling, T Kitching, R Kohley, B Kubik, K Kuijken, M Kümmel, M Kunz, H Kurki-Suonio, O Lahav, D Le Mignant, S Ligori, PB Lilje, V Lindholm, I Lloro, D Maino, E Maiorano, O Mansutti, O Marggraf, K Markovic, N Martinet, F Marulli, R Massey, S Maurogordato, HJ McCracken, S Mei, Y Mellier, E Merlin, G Meylan, M Moresco, L Moscardini, R Nakajima, RC Nichol, S-M Niemi, C Padilla, K Paech, F Pasian, JA Peacock, K Pedersen, WJ Percival, V Pettorino, S Pires, G Polenta, M Poncet, LA Popa, L Pozzetti, F Raison, A Renzi, J Rhodes, G Riccio, E Romelli, M Roncarelli, R Saglia, D Sapone, P Schneider, A Secroun, G Seidel, S Serrano, C Sirignano, G Sirri, J Skottfelt, L Stanco, P Tallada-Crespí, HI Teplitz, I Tereno, R Toledo-Moreo, I Tutusaus, L Valenziano, T Vassallo, G Verdoes Kleijn, A Veropalumbo, Y Wang, E Zucca, C Baccigalupi, C Burigana, G Castignani, Z Sakr, V Scottez, M Viel, P Simon, D Stern, J Martín-Fleitas, D Scott
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