Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science (OxCHEDS)

Abstract:

In 2021 the Quantum Sensors for the Hidden Sector (QSHS) collaboration was founded in the UK and received funding to develop and demonstrate quantum devices with the potential to detect hidden sector particles in the μeV to 100 μeV mass window. The collaboration has been developing a range of devices. It is building a high-field, low-temperature facility at the University of Sheffield to characterise and test the devices in a haloscope geometry. This paper introduces the collaboration's motivation, aims, and progress.

Abstract:

Inner-shell Kα x-ray lasers have been created by pumping gaseous, solid, and liquid targets with the intense x-ray output of free-electron-lasers (FELs). For gaseous targets lasing relies on the creation of K-shell core-holes on a time-scale short compared with filling via Auger decay. In the case of solid and liquid density systems, collisional effects will also be important, affecting not only populations, but also line-widths, both of which impact the degree of overall gain, and its duration. However, to date such collisional effects have not been extensively studied. We present here initial simulations using the CCFLY code of inner-shell lasing in solid density Mg, where we self-consistently treat the effects of the incoming FEL radiation and the atomic kinetics of the Mg system, including radiative, Auger, and collisional effects. We find that the combination of collisional population of the lower states of the lasing transitions and broadening of the lines precludes lasing on all but the Kα of the initially cold system. Even assuming instantaneous turning on of the FEL pump, we find the duration of the gain in the solid system to be sub-femtosecond.

Abstract:

An extension to the wave packet description of quantum plasmas is presented, where the wave packet can be elongated in arbitrary directions. A generalised Ewald summation is constructed for the wave packet models accounting for long-range Coulomb interactions and fermionic effects are approximated by purpose-built Pauli potentials, self-consistent with the wave packets used. We demonstrate its numerical implementation with good parallel support and close to linear scaling in particle number, used for comparisons with the more common wave packet employing isotropic states. Ground state and thermal properties are compared between the models with differences occurring primarily in the electronic subsystem. Especially, the electrical conductivity of dense hydrogen is investigated where a 15% increase in DC conductivity can be seen in our wave packet model compared to other models.

Abstract:

Recent measurements at the Sandia National Laboratory of the x-ray transmission of iron plasma have inferred opacities much higher than predicted by theory, which casts doubt on modeling of iron x-ray radiative opacity at conditions close to the solar convective zone-radiative zone boundary. An increased radiative opacity of the solar mixture, in particular iron, is a possible explanation for the disagreement in the position of the solar convection zone-radiative zone boundary as measured by helioseismology and predicted by modeling using the most recent photosphere analysis of the elemental composition. Here, we present data from radiation burnthrough experiments, which do not support a large increase in the opacity of iron at conditions close to the base of the solar convection zone and provide a constraint on the possible values of both the mean opacity and the opacity in the x-ray range of the Sandia experiments. The data agree with opacity values from current state-of-the-art opacity modeling using the CASSANDRA opacity code.